There are so many things discussed in this course and you will not remember all of these things but knowing all these concepts is essential for designing better databases.Abstract: The IETF has developed protocols that promote a healthy IPv4 and IPv6 co-existence. Yes, it's a bit long course but really worth the time. Here are the key learnings you'll get from this course: It discusses key concepts for designing and optimizing databases, starting from discussing basic concepts like ACID transactions and gradually moving towards more advanced topics like Database security, and homomorphic #encryption I have recently completed the Fundamentals of #Database Engineering course by Hussein Nasser and gained a whole new set of knowledge about Database engineering. The room analogy works with unique index, as you can’t stop after the first hit on non unique indexes.Īlso Vegas hotels are so big even floors are indexed, based on which floor you are in you can take one elevator over another. Each sign takes you to another sign with less items. This is how B-Tree indexes work, except each node you visit is a sign and it doesn’t necessarily contain two ranges but many ranges. Out of a floor with 51 rooms, you only checked two to get to your room. You are also lucky you only checked two rooms to find yours, you don’t need to check the rest of the 20 rooms. You just eliminated 28 rooms from your search. The first range satisfies your 917 room, so you go left. The input is known, you know your room number, you do a quick check on the two ranges. The rooms to the right a different range is 939–967. The rooms to the left presents a range 916–937. Now that you got to your floor you hit a fork in the road with a sign in the middle. You just went immediately to your floor, without this knowledge you would have searched every floor in the hotel to find your room. This means your room is on the 9th floor. The first step is to find which floor your room is at, usually the first digit represents the floor. This helps finding rooms convenient and fast especially if the hotel has many rooms. If you’ve been to a hotel often you would see a sign looking something like this on the way to your room. How does this Las Vegas hotel floor room sign related to Database indexing? let me explain #backendengineering #rfc #softwarearchitecture #networking #ipv6 #ipv4 #dns #envoy If both IPv6 and IPv4 paths are working, the IPv4 connection is abandoned in favor of the IPv6 connection (Figure 3)įrom what I understood, The goal is encourage implementations to rely on IPv6 more so that IPv4 traffic will eventually be reduced as IPv6 networks become more reliable. This is the second image (Figure 2 in the RFC) If the IPv6 path is broken, the communication continues with IPv4. The Happy Eyeballs RFC proposes establishing a TCP connection to both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses at the same time. This causes significant delays in the application (Figure 1) up to a few seconds. ![]() If that timeout is reached it then switches to IPv4. The client will first attempt to connect to the IPv6 end point (if available) and when it fails to connect, it keeps retrying for few seconds (TCP SYN retry). When a client that support both IPv6 and IPv4 does a DNS query, it asks for both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. ![]() This can cause problems when communicating in IPv6 backends if the intermediate routers/nodes do not have full support for the protocol or even if the server implementation is faulty. While IPv6 is the next evolution of the Internet protocol that supports a larger number of IP addresses and has many features, support for it has been slow in the Internet. ![]() ![]() Intrigued by the name, I read the document and learned something new so here is my summary. I was reading on Envoy's listener and threading architecture (A comment in Linkedin peaked my interest on the topic) and noticed that Envoy implements RFC 6555 named Happy Eyeballs. I randomly stumble upon many topics during the day and if a desire to learn from my part exists I pursue it. I get asked this a lot, Hussein how do you decide upon the topics you write about? The truth is murky and unclear to me.
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